Correction and Retraction Policy

The Journal is committed to the highest standards of scientific and ethical integrity in academic publishing, based on the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Accordingly, the journal adopts the following policies in the event of the discovery of material errors or instances of academic misconduct:

1. Corrections: If an unintentional error is discovered (such as a data error, an error in the authors, or an inaccurate phrasing that does not affect the substance of the results), the authors or editors may request the publication of a formal correction (erratum) in the next issue of the journal, clearly indicating the error and the adopted correction.

2. Retractions: Published research will be retracted in the following cases:

• Clear evidence of data falsification or forgery.

• Confirmed plagiarism or theft.

• Publication of the research in more than one journal (duplicate publication).

• Serious errors that affect the credibility of the results and cannot be corrected. In case of withdrawal, the following steps are taken:

• A formal withdrawal notice explaining the reasons for withdrawal is published.

• The original research is not deleted from the website but is marked as "Withdrawn."

• The research data is updated in the indexing and bibliographic repositories.

3. Withdrawal at the Authors' Request:

Authors may request the withdrawal of their research before or after publication, provided they submit a formal justification. The request is subject to the editorial board's discretion.

4. Revised Versions:
If a corrected or republished version is necessary, the revisions must be clearly explained, and the new version must be electronically linked to the original.